The story of India's judiciary is deeply entwined with the impact of colonial rule, especially through the influence of the early charters granted to the East India Company. These charters were crucial in shaping India's legal system. This blog explores vital legal developments during the British colonial era, focusing on pivotal milestones like the Judicial Plan of 1772, the Regulating Act of 1773, the Act of Settlement of 1781, and the judicial reforms introduced by influential figures such as Lord Cornwallis and Lord William Bentinck.

The Judicial Plan of 1772

The Judicial Plan of 1772 was a major shift in how justice was administered in India. Before this plan, the East India Company had limited judicial powers and often relied on local customs and laws to resolve disputes.

This plan aimed to create a more structured judicial system that would give the Company better control over legal matters. The authorities recognized the need for a formal system to standardize both colonial and indigenous legal practices.

Key features of the Judicial Plan included the establishment of a dual court system that comprised:

• Diwani Courts: Focused on civil matters such as land disputes and debt recovery.

• Faujdari Courts: Managed criminal cases, including theft and violence.