The East India Company started as a trading venture but quickly turned into a powerful political force that transformed India. This change not only impacted governance but also had lasting effects on Indian society. As the Company grew, various reforms introduced by governors like Lord Warren Hastings, Lord Cornwallis, Lord William Bentinck, Lord Wellesley, and Lord Dalhousie drastically shaped the administrative landscape. This post will explore critical reforms by these figures, illustrating how they changed the administration of the Company.

Administrative Reforms under Lord Warren Hastings

Lord Warren Hastings served as the first Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. His tenure marked significant reform aimed at more effective administration. One of his most notable contributions was the creation of a centralized administrative system for different regions of India.

Hastings put in place a regulatory structure that balanced British interests with Indian customs. He encouraged the application of English law but also respected local legal practices. This dual approach set a precedent for integrating British governance with Indian traditions, an essential factor in ruling a culturally diverse country.

In 1786, Hastings established the Board of Revenue, aiming to improve income collection and reduce corruption. This initiative created a more coherent revenue administration. By delegating power to local officials, he diminished direct control by Company agents, promoting a system that was more sustainable and responsive to local needs.

Hastings faced the challenge of managing relationships with Indian rulers. His policies recognized the authority of local kings while asserting British control. This understanding of India's socio-political fabric allowed future governors to build upon his foundation.

Lord Cornwallis and His Permanent Land Settlement